Spanish Armada 1588 Defeat, Illuminated Naval Confrontation, Historical Turning Point, Essential, Interconnected.
“Coming up unto them, there has passed some cannon shot between some of our fleet and some of them, and so far as we perceive they are determined to sell their lives with blows. … This letter honorable good Lord, is sent in haste. The fleet of Spaniards is somewhat above a hundred sails, many great ships; but truly, I think not half of them men-of-war. Haste.”
~ Sir Francis Drake; Letter to Admiral Henry Seymour, after coming upon part of the Spanish Armada, written aboard the Revenge, 31 July (1588), 21 July (1588 O.S.)
Addendum: For Supplemental reading, here is an excellent study highlighting the sundry repercussions of The Fall of the Spanish Armada. Notably, the unsuccessful Anglo-Spanish War of 1585-1604 severely impacted Spanish prestige globally.
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Intermission — 1493 to 1619